A First-Order Logic Formalization of the Industrial Ontology Foundry Signature Using Basic Formal Ontology

Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology used in hundreds of active projects in scientific and other domains. BFO has been selected to serve as top-level ontology in the Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF), an initiative to create a suite of ontologies to support digital manufacturing on the part of representatives from a number of branches of the advanced manufacturing industries. We here present a first draft set of axioms and definitions of an IOF upper ontology descending from BFO. The axiomatization is designed to capture the meanings of terms commonly used in manufacturing and is designed to serve as starting point for the construction of the IOF ontology suite

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Holothuria leucospilota isolated from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Background: Emergence of antimicrobial resistance toward a number of conventional antibiotics has triggered the search for antimicrobial agents from a variety of sources including the marine environment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Holothuria leucospilota from Qeshm and Kharg Islands against some selected bacteria and fungi. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, sea cucumbers from two coastal cities of Persian Gulf were collected in March and May 2011 and identified by the scale method according to the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of the body wall, cuvierian organs and coelomic fluid, methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts of the body wall were evaluated by the spot test. In addition, their antifungal activity was assessed by the broth dilution method. Results: The displayed effect was microbiostatic at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 µg/mL rather than microbicidal. The highest activity of hydroalcoholic extracts was exhibited by body wall, cuvierian organs and coelomic fluid against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. brasilensis. However, none of the methanol, chloroform and n-haxane extracts showed appreciable effects against Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, S. epidermidis and Candida albicans. Moreover, cuvierian organs did not possess any antifungal potential.Conclusions: Our data indicated that water-methanol extracts from the body wall of H. leucospilota possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. However, additional and in-depth studies are required to isolate and identify the active component(s)

Enhancing the Dyeability of Polypropylene Fibers by Melt Blending with Polyethylene Terephthalate

Attempts were made to modify polypropylene fibers by melt blending with polyethylene terephthalate in order to enhance the dyeability of the resultant fiber. Five blends of polypropylene/polyethylene terephthalate/compatibilizer were prepared and subsequently spun into fibers. Three disperse dyes were used to dye such modified fibers at boiling and 130°C. The dyeing performance of the blend fibers, as well as the morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties, of the corresponding blends was characterized by means of spectrophotometry, polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile testing

Color Stability of Two Bulk-Fill Composite Resins

Objective: Bulk-fill composites are a group of composite resins designed for easy and fast filling of large cavities. This study aimed to assess the color stability of bulk-fill composites subjected to xenon radiation and evaluate their color change (ΔE) following polymerization.Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 specimens (4mm in height and 8mm in diameter) were fabricated of x-traFil and Tetric N-Ceram universal color bulk-fill composites and A2 shade of Grandio composite (as control). Bulk-fill composites were placed in the mold in 4mm thickness according to the manufacturers’ instructions. In the control group, composite was applied to the  mold in two layers each with 2mm thickness. Tetric and Grandio composites were cured for 20 seconds and x-traFil was cured for 10 seconds with a LED light-curing unit. A total of 15 specimens (five of each composite) were used for each test. For assessment of color change due to polymerization, L*, a* and b* color parameters were measured before and immediately after polymerization and also 30 days after immersion in distilled water in an incubator at 37°C and 70% humidity using a spectroradiometer. For xenon test, the specimens were subjected to color analysis after 48 hours of storage in distilled water. Next, they were subjected to xenon lamp radiation in xenon environment chamber for 122 hours at 22°C and 25% humidity and then the color parameters were measured again. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of all values were calculated. One-way and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare ΔE and ΔL among the groups. Tukey’s HSD test was used for pairwise comparisons.Results: The value of ΔE immediately after polymerization was the lowest for Grandio (4.91) and  the highest for Tetric (9.44). Thirty days after the polymerization, ΔE was the lowest in Grandio (3.07) and the highest in Tetric (9.27); ΔE showed a decreasing trend over time in all specimens. Under xenon light radiation, Grandio showed the lowest (1.50) and Tetric showed the highest ΔE (11.15).Conclusion: Following polymerization and under xenon lamp radiation, ΔE of conventional composite was less than that of bulk-fill composites

Testing the Planned Behavior Model in Predicting the Physical Activity Behavior of Beginner Volleyball Adolescent Students

Background: Identifying the factors that affect adolescents’ participation in physical activity is considered as an important topic concerning public health.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of the constructs of the planned behavior theory on the physical activity behaviors of beginner Volleyball adolescent students. Methods: We used a descriptive-correlational approach in the present study. The participants comprised 112 middle school students from Urmia, Iran, 2020. The Research was conducted on the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the physical activity behaviors were objectively measured by the use of an accelerometer. To analyze the data, we used the structural equation method.Results: Results showed that attitude and perceived behavioral control had significant impacts on the intention to physical activity (both T>1.96). However, no significant effect was observed for the subjective norm on intention to physical activity (T=0.152). Moreover, intention to physical activity significantly affected the moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (T>1.96). Finally, attitude and perceived behavioral control had significant effects on moderate-to-vigorous physical activities through a mediation by intention to physical activity (all P<0.001). The daily MVPA was 45.48 minutes, which is below the WHO-guideline.Conclusions: Findings indicate that those participants with more positive attitudes and higher perceived behavioral control had greater intentions to engage in physical activitie

The Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) Core Ontology

The Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) was formed to create a suite of interoperable ontologies. Ontologies that would serve as a foundation for data and information interoperability in all areas of manufacturing. To ensure that each ontology is developed in a structured and mutually coherent manner, the IOF has committed to the tiered architecture of ontology building based on the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as top level. One of the critical elements of a successful tiered architecture build is the domain mid-level ontologies. However, thus far there has been no mid-level manufacturing ontology that is based on BFO. The IOF has recently released the IOF Core version 1 beta to fill this gap. This paper documents the development process and gives an overview of the current content of the IOF Core. Finally, the paper describes how the IOF Core can be used as the basis for a more domain-specific Supply Chain Ontology

The Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) perspectives

In recent years there has been a number of promising technical and institutional developments regarding use of ontologies in industry. At the same time, however, most industrial ontology development work remains within the realm of academic research and is without significant uptake in commercial applications. In biomedicine, by contrast, ontologies have made significant inroads as valuable tools for achieving interoperability between data systems whose contents derive from widely heterogeneous sources. In this position paper, we present a set of principles learned from the successful Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry initiative to guide the design and development of the Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF), which is a counterpart to the OBO Foundry initiative for the manufacturing industry. We also illustrate the potential utility of these principles by sketching the conceptual design of a framework for sustainable IOF development

Semantic Web-based framework for supply chain deployment in digital manufacturing market.

Seamless operation of supply chains in heterogeneous, distributed and virtual environments directly depends on the quality of data exchange among their members. A lack of universally accepted and implemented standards in manufacturing domain has resulted in inefficient communication throughout global supply chains. From a high-level perspective, this dissertation addresses supply chain standardization problem. Manufacturing Market is selected as a framework for investigating the standardization problem. More specifically, automatic deployment of supply chains in the context of Manufacturing Market describes the main technical problem of this research. Manufacturing Market is a market in which manufacturing process capacity is the object of trade. In a market, units of capacity can be acquired as needed and when needed, thus making supply chains more responsive to fluctuations in supply and demand. Although Manufacturing Market can be built physically as a spot market, its benefits can be better realized in a web-based framework. We refer to the web-based version of Manufacturing Market as Digital Manufacturing Market (DMM). Like in any market, there exist three major phases of transaction in the DMM, namely connection, negotiation and execution. In this dissertation, we focus on the connection phase. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide required standard infrastructure for enabling automatic matchmaking between supply and demand based on their similarities. A necessary prerequisite for automatic matchmaking by machine agents is formal representation of supply and demand. Syntactic matching based on textual comparison between on-line profiles of buyers and sellers does not yield the required level of accuracy. Instead, the representation should enable meaningful matchmaking between supply and demand based on their semantics. In this research, Manufacturing Service Description Language (MSDL) is developed as an ontology for formal representation of manufacturing services in DMM. To demonstrate how MSDL can facilitate supply chain deployment, a multi-agent system (MAS) is developed in which autonomous machine agents proactively participate in the configuration of supply chains.D.Eng.Applied SciencesIndustrial engineeringMechanical engineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies College of Engineering Graduate Professional Programshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/126343/2/3245543.pd

An Intelligent Process Planning System Based on Formal Manufacturing Capability Models

International audienceThis paper presents an intelligent process planning system for generating machining instructions for prismatic parts. The generated instruction includes machine tool information, machining sequence, tool and setup information, machining parameters, and tool path. In the proposed system, part information is received as a STEP AP224 feature model. One novel aspect of the proposed system is implementation of a formal OWL ontology for representation of machine tool and cutting tool capability knowledge as well as part information. OWL-based ontology enables automated ontological reasoning during process planning. Also, SWRL rule modeling approach is adopted for identifying feasible machine tools and cutting tools and also specifying process parameters. A proof-of-concept implementation is presented as well in this paper